Looking glass



Dec. 14 1926.

C. 'MAGGIORA LOOKJQNG GLASS Filed Dec. 5'

. 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 )NVENTOR Carlo maygr ora- B ATTORNEY C. MAGGIORA LOOKING GLASS Filed Dec. 5. 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Carlo Tflaqgiora. Y

Vim QM ATTORNE Dec; 14 1926.

C. MAGGIORA LQOKING GLASS "Filed Dec. 5. 1923 3 Sheets-Sk'ieet 5 INVENTOR Carlo mayyz m Y g fm a. A422,"

ATTORNEY.

'latented Dec. 14; 1926;.

oARLo MAGGiORA,

or ronrno: ITALY. a

- LOOKING GLASS.

Application filed December 5, 1923, Serial no. 678.55%, and in Italy December 9, 1922.

It is already known to combine; two or more mirrors in order that a person can ob serve himself on several sides, but the ems ploymentofdetached or hinged mirrors necessitates a series of trials in a search for-a particular-view which as a rule cannot be is obtained. i l r 1 The object of this invention is to; provide a mirror device whereby by moving thelmirrorsand by turning oneself through a cer-f tain angle, so as to causethe image toturn fully around relative to the line of sight of on every side.-

' To theflattalnment of this iobject accord,

ing to the invention the device is characterizedby two planes, ofreflection connected- Y together mechanically so as toihave a relat1ve predetermined movement which lssuch that an observer at agivenpoint infront of themirrors can see one of his images,

doubly reflected, turning around itself: at a corresponding invariablyimaginary point. I

"One advantage of the invention is thatthe observer does not see his image as refl'ected as in a simple mirror butgas it is-actually presented to eyes of-ajthird person.

On the accompanying drawings which illustrate, byway. of example, threepractical} embodiments of the invention,- Figures 1, 2

and 3 are three diagrammatic representations thereof, showing the geometric andopsaid embodiments showing the @mechanical structure incorporated therein;

In reference to,Fig.;l,'the-point' B is, sta-' j tionary in the rotation of the two mirrors.

AJindicatesthe position of a ers'on looking, into a mirror S at G. at rig it angles to thenplane of the mirror and alonga radius CA, so that said mirror reflects animage A on an extensionofsaid rad us; If the m re ror S moves aroundA, along the circuniference of. a circle described with radius AC whilst constantly remaining tangential to thesaid circumference, the image A also de scribes a c1rcle having a rad1usAA- 2AC.

Assuming another mirror S to .be disposed with its plane perpendicular to the line BA and passing through the middle point 1) of ror S. intersects the line AB, since it is nec essary that the vertices of the'angles of re-'.

:flection fall on theplanes of the mirrors.- y

If, when themirror S is turned around A. f at the distance AC, the other mirrorlis moved in such a manner that its plane is'always' ata the midpoint of and perpendicular to .the

line BA,theimage A; will be constantlyreflected at B and the rotational movement of themirror S around A is resolved into aflro tational movement of the image B on itself;

:In order that the image B "may bevisible the observer, it is possible tovregard oneself fro m A throughout all the rotational movemerit of the mirror VS, it isnecessary either be suitably fixed or thatthe said mirrors may be displaced in their planes, so that the ipgge S"of the mirror intersects the line Referring now toEig. 21%- I I Referring to Fig, 3

I If the mirror "S pivoted at Gi-s moved- I around OW through [the circumference :of a circle having a radius OC, but facingaltical principles involved in my invention, and'Figures 4, 5 and 6-are plan viewsof the ways towards A, the'image A also describes a, circle" with a radius O A2OC.Y If a mirrorSf 'isarranged at O" and is made. to turn on this point so that its plane is always perpendicular to a chord BA then,-sinc'e the a plane of the mirror passing through the'centre of the circle is perpendicular to the chords of said Jci'rcle at its middleipoint, the, mirror will constantly reflect the image of at B at which'point a doublyreflected image turning on itself and visible from A is obtained' Z The mechanism for carrying out the relative movement offthemirrors is based on the following geometrical properties It is known that the linesjoiningB with all the points A, ,(A( on the circumfer ence of a circle have their mid points in the circumference of a circle having a radius equal to half of that of the first mentioned Ifthe mirror S, instead of turning around 1 A, asrin the preceding case, turns, around .an axis Csituated in its plane, the image which it reflectsfrom A also, moves along the circumference of, a circle with radius AC, and if the mirr'or S is moved, as mentioned above,.theref is always a doubly reflected im- I ,age at B- -which turns onitselfd;

circle and its centre on the mid-point of a line joining B with the centre of saidffirst mentioned circle. All the lines crawn from the point B (Figs. 1 and 2) to the points A (A haveztheir middlepointsD on a,-

a circle with a radius .OD=AO and the triangle ODC (Fig. 1), (ODCf in ahlig 2) according to aknown theorem, has its "sides respectively parallel tothose of; tritionof the plan-e 01 reflection-hfthe 'mirror- 7 S being perpendicular to BA. is also perpendicular to OS (O Gfin-lhg. adiagonah of thesaid parallelogram, which itcuts at angle BAA, so that the quadrilateral AODC in Fig. 1 (@GDG? iiLFiga'Q) is azpara i lelograin. he line Dir representing the d rec 1 a: point H the vertex; of two rig it angled tria les nae anon an-c in 2y whose'hypotenuses are, the invariable sift es flit) or *the parallelogranr AODG in Fig; l; and CODQE in Fig. 2 consequently the pointis also determined'by the point where-two semicircleshaving; their centres the; mid points-F andll l ot the sides GD, DQKDG in Fig.- 2) meet and which are drawn respectively with radii on Dog-m 1 FH= 13132: (aimn Fi .2);

treO and is also normalto the line-PG,

- practicalemhodiments thereofs parallel to the lineB-Af. Thepoint-H is on a semi-circle having its centre at 0 andv Having thus, illustrated the geometrical: functions of the planes of; reflection of the twomirrorsitwill;be easy to understand having a radius; O Q;

An arm .afixed in the wall of a 'room or the V wallof an article ofrfurniture and held horizont allyv a column carries alltlieunecha; nisin from which two movable mirrors" S and S aresuspended' see Figs. 4, 5 andh;

A jointed parallelograma,Z); of; d, Figrt,

' whose dia on'al n isre oresented h a rodniv-j 1 Q" i .L.

ot'ed'at Qand'guided through'aghole in the pivot'G'in which it can slide freely, reproduces mechanically the geometrical function of'Fig. 1'. It isunderstood that the chainof. the parallelogram does not change if'the sides 0" anchd." occupy thefposi-tion cand d' in Fig. 4, a positionwhich is more convenientooth'in view of the smaller spaceoccupiedby the mechanism andin ord'erto obtain an uninterrupted movement whatever he the relative position of the sides of'the. parallelogram. F or this reason 1 pref-er;

hereafter, to refer to the system of rod sja, b, the length ofsaid arm beingequal 'to-halt along the rodi n;- Tllhe mirror samavertical plane passing through the longitudinalaXiS of the side a, a tooth Z) is provided'on an extension of the side Z), said tooth-(engaging, when in said position ina corresponding cavity d provided at the end ofran,ermisioaothe sid dz has si a teeing the continuity of the movement. T he two tiese; 7"; respectively. equal to halfzotb an-dad: are: each pivoted at OHGZQXJHGHIHWJIOL the hurl-point or: 0 and: drand: are ointed; at:

their other extremities :to a pivot; H1 disposed? 89 on the rod nuandtixedl on. a tube m =movable- Sris fixed on: the pivot C at right angles to the sideaonands the; mirror. S is fixed to the; tube-om 0113 the pivot consequently, also tothe rodn.

The construction illustrated in- Eig. 57- wherein the'nrirror'fifi turns around anrazsisin; its" own plane. and passingsi tlll'otiglla (5," whilst the ob ect reflected is on ZLlIzitXlS passstc ing through A is exactly the same as the above described constructionv as -re gard'sthe jointing-pf the memhersa; b1, 0, (Z; and the determination of the movementi of:

the pivot H= by ineails -offtiese, 7"; except-that ii -5 scribedhy theside lhthe ties t; alhequal to W each other and conveniently i longer than the side'b; which-is jointechat one extremity c" and is equal to thedistan'ce TtovC, and'atthe other extremity: to 1 slides 'P- movable i on the rod r situated in the plane at control-" the; turning movement of the 1 mirror with: respect to ithat for the SE16; 6, 1nsucha man nerrthat the-rotation' of the mirroris-h'alf of that of the said side. "llhe pointAaseefFig:

QQWhere-theohserNer should he stationedis 11o on anaxis on the line GO at-aadi'stance:from

C equal to twice'the-length or" th-eside' b.-

In the thirdcase, the pivot C; (Fig; 6),

supporting the' mirror S; carries afrOd d fixed perpendicularly to the plane of the mirror andsh'ding iri a tube-@- connected to a p vot- A. An arm 6' ispivoted-i'at itsex -f tre mities at (Bf-and Q and a rodm, plvoted-x at P, is guided by the pivotlG movalole' in' a slot 9 insaidl'rodf -ne-of 'the arins of the right angled crosson IS movableon: n-

and theother arm; 7* issituated' in the sameplane as a mirror. S turning" around -the pivot- O. Therodn isicontrolled by arms: eand HO" (not shown) arranged] beneath the mirror S and pivoted at 0mm, and O The arm ei's, pivoted at oneofitsaex= tremitiesat 0' the centre offlength of, the" line PO" and,,'atthe other extremity,- at'H,

Hratrright angles :t'o-the saidstuhe, and

the distance P0. The length of the arm Z) is equal to PO andthe distance PO is equal to PO-OA. V y

The above described constructional form of the invention can be simplified by eliminating the arms 6 and H0 and by pivoting the rod n at 0, so that'it remains itself normal to'the mirror S and b arranvin at its opposite end a sleeve movably mounted on the rod b. When turned about 0 the mirror S moves along the circumference of 1 a circle'having its centre at-O, but it always faces towards A and the mirror 8 then .turns around its pivot .0 thus correctly carrying out the geometrical function illustrated in Flg. 3.

If, in the three constructional forms of the invention previouslydescribed,a person 1 places himself in the position: A, his image turns on itself, and the observer clearly sees it throughout the whole angle through which it turns (which'angle is greater than the angle described by the mirror S). and if during a part of the rotatio'nit was not eclipsed the rotation when it is eclipsed, or two mir- I rors S- could be employedvso as to obtain two imaginary points on which the image turns. It is immaterial if the observer-is at A and not at A, his

oubly reflected image is always at'B. 7

Having now particularly described, and,

ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be per--' for1ned,-I declare that what Iclaim'is A looking glass device havlngitw o-movable mirrors and a mechanism for determining the movement thereof, said mirrors being adapted to be so arranged that an observer placed at a" given point can see at a corresponding imaginary polnt, his image in motion, said device comprising a ointed crossed parallelogram with a vertex to which a mirror is fixed so as to remain nor- 9 mal. to an adjacent side and having. a mov- I ably mounted diagonal atone apex of which is arranged said mirror and whichis pivot' ed at its opposite apex, and a sle'evemovably mounted on thesaid diagonal and carrying a mirror normal to the diagonal, the said sleevebeing connectedto two adjacentsides of the parallelogram by means of two jointed rods having a lengthequal to half of the length of the sides to which-they are jointed. In testimony whereof I hereuntoiafiix my signature. v

' CARLO MAGGIORA. 

